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Living High and Letting Die: Our Illusion of Innocence, by Peter Unger
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By contributing a few hundred dollars to a charity like UNICEF, a prosperous person can ensure that fewer poor children die, and that more will live reasonably long, worthwhile lives. Even when knowing this, however, most people send nothing, and almost all of the rest send little. What is the moral status of this behavior? To such common cases of letting die, our untutored response is that, while it is not very good, neither is the conduct wrong. What is the source of this lenient assessment? In this contentious new book, one of our leading philosophers argues that our intuitions about ethical cases are generated not by basic moral values, but by certain distracting psychological dispositions that all too often prevent us from reacting in accord with our commitments. Through a detailed look at how these tendencies operate, Unger shows that, on the good morality that we already accept, the fatally unhelpful behavior is monstrously wrong. By uncovering the eminently sensible ethics that we've already embraced fully, and by confronting us with empirical facts and with easily followed instructions for lessening serious suffering appropriately and effectively, Unger's book points the way to a compassionate new moral philosophy.
- Sales Rank: #1714895 in Books
- Color: White
- Published on: 1996-06-20
- Ingredients: Example Ingredients
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.50" h x .74" w x 6.40" l, .96 pounds
- Binding: Hardcover
- 200 pages
Review
"Unger has pioneered a new way of testing and exploring our intuitions, with results that are devastating for traditional ideas of how to do ethics. This will shake normative ethics to its roots. A major work of fundamental importance both to moral philosophy and to the poor of this world. Important in a practical way, as well as in an academic way."--Peter Singer, Princeton University
"A terrifically powerful piece of work, and its publication will make a nuclear-sized explosion."--Jonathan Bennett, Syracuse University
"Unger's vigorous investigation of irrationalities in our daily thinking...suggests convincingly that we owe others far more than we typically think we do. This, then, is a book on a topic of great importance, written with much moral passion by a skillful and ingenious philosopher."--Martha Nussbaum, London Review of Books
"A very fine book...carefully argued, imaginative, fearless."--David Lewis, Eureka Street
"[Unger's] discussion of how much the well-off should sacrifice for the world's most needy stands as the state-of-the-art treatment of the subject."--Brad Hooker, Times Literary Supplement
"Unger's book is full of subtle and oddly entertaining cases to support his view....[He handles conterarguments] with stunningly effective simplicity."--Globe and Mail
"Unger challenges our moral beliefs with arguments that are always powerful, and often original. Everyone who can understand these arguments ought, I believe, to read and think about this book."--Derek Parfit, author of Reasons and Persons
"Living High & Letting Die will annoy many students and faculty--which is a good thing. Unger challenges and illuminates our moral thinking in a direct, forceful way, causing students to engage in moral reasoning and moral psychology with more passion than is ordinarily the case. I used Unger's book alongside a standard anthology in ethical theory in An Introduction to Ethics course. The book's presentation is clear and understandable to undergraduates, and the examples are interesting, thought-provoking, and make doing philosophy fun. Challenge and incite your students with this book!"--Tobyn DeMarco, Hunter College, City University of New York
"Students either love or hate Living High & Letting Die--bored indifference is not an option. Unger's book prods, provokes, infuriates, and inspires. His ingenious and passionate arguments compell students to examine their beliefs as precious few do. They illustrate the significance and urgency of ethical decision-making, and powerfully demonstrate that philosophy can be much more than an abstract, theoretical, barren discipline."--Larry Temkin, Rice University
From the Back Cover
By sending a few hundred dollars to a group like UNICEF, any well-off person can ensure that fewer poor children die, and that more live reasonably long, worthwhile lives. But even when knowing this, almost all of us send nothing and, among the contributors, most send precious little. What's the moral status of this behavior? To such common cases of letting die, our untutored response is that, while it's not very good, neither is the conduct wrong. How can we best explain this lenient intuitive assessment? In this hard-hitting new book, philosopher Peter Unger argues that, all too often, our moral intuitions about cases are generated not by the basic moral values we hold, but by psychological dispositions that prevent us from reacting in accord with our deep moral commitments. Through a detailed look at how these disorienting tendencies operate, Unger reveals that, on the good morality we already accept, our fatally unhelpful behavior is monstrously wrong. Confronting us with both arresting facts and easily followed instructions for lessening the suffering of youngsters in mortal danger, Living High and Letting Die can help us live the morally decent lives that agree with our wonderfully deep, and deeply wonderful, true moral values.
About the Author
Peter Unger is Professor of Philosophy at New York University. He is the author of Ignorance (OUP 1975, 2002), Philosophical Relativity (1984, OUP 2002), and Identity, Consciousness, and Value (OUP 1990).
Most helpful customer reviews
7 of 8 people found the following review helpful.
After reading this book, I started contributing more to charity
By DJR
Peter Unger makes a detailed and compelling case for regarding widespread suffering in developing countries as equivalent to suffering in one's own neighborhood. After reading this book, there are few reasons left for sitting on one's hands in the face of this suffering.
Other readers claim that the book's arguments rest on poorly supported utilitarian premises. Although Dr. Unger does work from a utilitarian frame of reference, I believe the logic of his arguements stand alone and the same conclusions could be reached using a different ethical framework.
It is common for ethicists to construct elaborate theories that explain why the conventional wisdom and practices of society are morally correct. Dr. Unger's contrarian view is both controversial and important. I can imagine that some readers will find the position taken in this book difficult to accept because it makes us question the morally upstanding life that most of us assume we are living.
Although this book is intended for the academic philosopher, it deserves to be read by a much larger audience.
3 of 4 people found the following review helpful.
Ingenious and important defense of Peter Singer's pond case
By Ben
I am morally obligated to jump into a pond to save a drowning child's life, even if that would ruin my expensive suit. Why, then, am I not morally obligated to send a check to Oxfam if that would save a child's life and cost the same amount of money? There are many differences between the pond case and the Oxfam case. Unger carefully examines these differences and argues that our obligations in the Oxfam case match our obligations in the pond case.
Importantly, Unger does not derive his conclusion from a controversial theory such as utilitarianism. Rather, he begins by considering (e.g.) the suggestion that the pond case and the Oxfam case differ in terms of one's physical proximity to the victim (i.e. the person in need of aid). He then considers multiple cases that differ *only* in terms of one's physical proximity to the victim, noting that one's moral obligations are not affected. He concludes that physical proximity to the victim is not morally relevant. He does this with a variety of the differences between the pond case and the Oxfam case.
Unger also considers differences between the pond case and the Oxfam case that *are* morally relevant, e.g. the relative certainty of being able to save the victim's life. He then asks (e.g.) whether we would be obligated to dive into the pond if we were unsure whether we would be able to save the child's life. Obviously the answer is "yes." Again, Unger does this with a variety of the differences between the pond case and the Oxfam case. He concludes that we have a moral obligation to send aid to the distant needy.
This book is an important, readable, and concise reply to those who claim that Peter Singer's pond case and the Oxfam case are not analogous.
34 of 37 people found the following review helpful.
Unger not necessarily Utilitarian
By John S. Ku
Contrary to a couple of previous reviews posted here, both favorable and unfavorable, Unger neither argues for nor presupposes Utilitarianism or consequentialism. Nor does he need to. It is true that his conclusions bear a superficial similarity to utilitarianism in being quite demanding, but he argues this on the basis of fairly fundamental intuitions that nearly all of us accept already. His strategy is such that ANY moral theory (whether deontological, consequentialist or other) must take a stance on which aspects of the hypotheticals he presents are morally relevant. If we are to avoid such implausible conclusions as that physical proximity or salience of others' needs are morally relevant factors, I think we cannot avoid his primary conclusion that nearly all of us act wrongly by not giving much more to certain charities than we currently do.
Anyone who knows enough about this book to have read this far ought to read and grapple with the arguments presented in this book. Some of the more radical positions he defends may in the end turn out to be wrong but I think they certainly cannot be dismissed out of hand. This book will prove to be valuable to anyone concerned with doing the right thing as well as to intellectuals interested in the place of moral intuitions in moral inquiry (and as Unger points out, the dangers of relying too heavily on certain of those intuitions).
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